Etiologic Factors of The Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gram-negative bacteria, characterized by gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. In the pathogenesis of periodontal disease free radicals and oxidative stress play a significant role. Free radicals are frequently formed as metabolic by-products and their overproduction leads to cell damage and the development of oxidati...

Inflammatory Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal inflammation which begins as an acute inflammatory response after host-bacterial interaction, progresses into a chronic stage dominated by B lymphocytes and macrophages, following intense T lymphocytes stage [3]. Transition between these stages, accumulation and differentiation of immune cells in the inflammatory site are mediated by “cytokines.” Cytokines are soluble mediators cont...

The systemic factors in periodontal disease.

Regarding the blood studies, several in­ vestigators . have reported higher than normal values for total calcium, total cholesterol, uric acid, sugar and phos­ phatase (in gingival blood) in various percentages of their cases. Lower than normal values have been reported for vitamin C, erythrocyte count and carbon dioxide combining power. Other workers have failed to confirm the findings for cal...

Models of Periodontal Pathogenesis

Chronic adult periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. Early histopathological observations described linear model of pathogenesis in periodontal disease. After that the bacterial activation of immuno inflammatory mechanisms, environmental and genetic factors modified the clinical phenotype of periodontal disease which led to the formulation of non-linear conceptual models. However, these mod...